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Gazelle-class cruiser
The ''Gazelle'' class was a group of ten light cruisers built for the Imperial German Navy at the turn of the 20th century. They were the first modern light cruiser design of the Imperial Navy, and set the basic pattern for all future light cruisers in Imperial service. The design of the ''Gazelle'' class attempted to merge the fleet scout with the colonial cruiser. They were armed with a main battery of ten guns and a pair of torpedo tubes, and were capable of a speed of .
All ten ships served with the fleet when they were first commissioned, and several served on foreign stations in the decade before the outbreak of World War I. Most were used as coastal defense ships early in the war. was sunk at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, was torpedoed in the Baltic by a British submarine in November 1915, and was sunk at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. The rest survived the war to see service with the ''Reichsmarine'', with the exception of , which was broken up in 1920.
was sold to Yugoslavia in 1925 and renamed ''Dalmacija'', and the rest of the cruisers were withdrawn from service by the end of the 1920s and used for secondary duties or broken up for scrap. ''Medusa'' and ''Arcona'' were converted into anti-aircraft ships in 1940 and were scuttled at the end of World War II. ''Dalmacija'' was captured twice during the war, first by the Italians, who renamed her ''Cattaro'', and then by the Germans, who restored the original name of ''Niobe''. She ran aground in December 1943 and was subsequently destroyed by British Motor Torpedo Boats. was the only member to survive the war intact, as a barracks ship, and she remained in service until 1954, when she was broken up for scrap.
== Design ==
The ''Gazelle'' class was the first modern light cruiser design of the Imperial Navy.〔Gardiner, p. 258〕 The design for the ''Gazelle'' class followed several intermediate types, including the of unprotected cruisers and the unique vessels and . They were intended to fulfill the requirements for a fleet scout and an overseas cruiser.〔 The design was somewhat smaller than contemporary light cruisers, but the ships were nevertheless sturdy and powerfully armed for the period.〔Gardiner, p. 249〕 These characteristics evenly balanced the requirements for the two roles envisioned for the class.〔 According to the historian Eric Osborne, "()he light cruisers of the ''Gazelle''-class established a trend for future ships of this general design...() carried little or no armor, the chief asset being speed."〔Osborne, 55〕 Indeed, all future light cruisers built by the Imperial Navy generally followed the same pattern, with few fundamental changes.〔Herwig, p. 28〕
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